Account capabilities

[turbolent]

Closes #2151

Description

---

• Targeted PR against master branch
• Linked to Github issue with discussion and accepted design OR link to spec that describes this work
• Code follows the standards mentioned here
• Updated relevant documentation
• Re-reviewed Files changed in the Github PR explorer
• Added appropriate labels

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2160 (6081795) into master (4be06e2) will decrease coverage by 0.11%.
The diff coverage is 64.85%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2160      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   77.69%   77.57%   -0.12%     
==========================================
  Files         308      309       +1     
  Lines       64302    64678     +376     
==========================================
+ Hits        49961    50176     +215     
- Misses      12605    12760     +155     
- Partials     1736     1742       +6     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	77.57% <64.85%> (-0.12%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
runtime/common/memorykind_string.go	40.00% <ø> (ø)
runtime/common/metering.go	92.23% <ø> (ø)
runtime/interpreter/visitor.go	9.30% <0.00%> (-0.46%)	⬇️
runtime/format/capability.go	68.75% <16.66%> (-31.25%)	⬇️
runtime/interpreter/value_accountreference.go	35.07% <35.07%> (ø)
runtime/interpreter/decode.go	46.20% <58.62%> (+0.14%)	⬆️
runtime/interpreter/value.go	68.83% <60.26%> (-0.14%)	⬇️
runtime/runtime.go	85.84% <65.38%> (-1.63%)	⬇️
values.go	66.10% <70.00%> (ø)
runtime/interpreter/interpreter.go	89.17% <90.69%> (-0.02%)	⬇️
... and 13 more

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[github-actions]

Cadence Benchstat comparison

This branch with compared with the base branch onflow:master commit 4be06e2
The command for i in {1..N}; do go test ./... -run=XXX -bench=. -benchmem -shuffle=on; done was used.
Bench tests were run a total of 7 times on each branch.

Collapsed results for better readability

	old.txt	new.txt
	time/op		delta
CheckContractInterfaceFungibleTokenConformance-2	201µs ± 9%	195µs ± 4%	~	(p=0.620 n=7+7)
ContractInterfaceFungibleToken-2	62.0µs ± 4%	63.8µs ± 6%	~	(p=0.259 n=7+7)
InterpretRecursionFib-2	3.26ms ± 3%	3.43ms ± 5%	+5.03%	(p=0.002 n=6+7)
NewInterpreter/new_interpreter-2	1.58µs ± 2%	1.58µs ± 1%	~	(p=0.937 n=6+6)
NewInterpreter/new_sub-interpreter-2	868ns ± 8%	865ns ± 4%	~	(p=1.000 n=7+7)
ParseArray-2	11.2ms ± 3%	11.4ms ± 8%	~	(p=0.445 n=6+7)
ParseDeploy/byte_array-2	16.7ms ± 4%	16.8ms ± 2%	~	(p=0.945 n=6+7)
ParseDeploy/decode_hex-2	1.76ms ± 4%	1.70ms ± 1%	−3.48%	(p=0.035 n=7+6)
ParseFungibleToken/With_memory_metering-2	279µs ± 3%	275µs ± 4%	~	(p=0.209 n=7+7)
ParseFungibleToken/Without_memory_metering-2	216µs ± 1%	219µs ± 1%	+1.36%	(p=0.010 n=5+7)
ParseInfix-2	9.50µs ± 5%	9.56µs ± 4%	~	(p=0.805 n=7+7)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/One_level-2	3.41ns ± 1%	3.40ns ± 2%	~	(p=0.535 n=7+7)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/Three_levels-2	200ns ± 4%	198ns ± 2%	~	(p=0.642 n=7+6)
RuntimeFungibleTokenTransfer-2	1.04ms ±19%	0.96ms ±22%	~	(p=0.259 n=7+7)
RuntimeResourceDictionaryValues-2	7.96ms ± 2%	7.87ms ± 6%	~	(p=0.343 n=5+7)
RuntimeScriptNoop-2	35.7µs ±31%	34.9µs ±34%	~	(p=0.710 n=7+7)
SuperTypeInference/arrays-2	444ns ± 1%	448ns ± 4%	~	(p=0.456 n=7+7)
SuperTypeInference/composites-2	173ns ± 3%	174ns ± 2%	~	(p=0.902 n=7+7)
SuperTypeInference/integers-2	122ns ± 4%	121ns ± 0%	~	(p=0.750 n=7+5)
ValueIsSubtypeOfSemaType-2	133ns ± 4%	133ns ± 7%	~	(p=0.535 n=7+7)
	alloc/op		delta
CheckContractInterfaceFungibleTokenConformance-2	49.7kB ± 0%	49.7kB ± 0%	~	(p=0.122 n=7+7)
ContractInterfaceFungibleToken-2	24.0kB ± 0%	24.0kB ± 0%	~	(all equal)
InterpretRecursionFib-2	1.00MB ± 0%	1.00MB ± 0%	~	(p=0.245 n=6+7)
NewInterpreter/new_interpreter-2	752B ± 0%	768B ± 0%	+2.13%	(p=0.001 n=7+7)
NewInterpreter/new_sub-interpreter-2	200B ± 0%	200B ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ParseArray-2	2.73MB ± 5%	2.77MB ± 7%	~	(p=0.318 n=7+7)
ParseDeploy/byte_array-2	4.20MB ± 4%	4.20MB ± 4%	~	(p=0.710 n=7+7)
ParseDeploy/decode_hex-2	214kB ± 0%	214kB ± 0%	~	(p=0.936 n=7+7)
ParseFungibleToken/With_memory_metering-2	29.2kB ± 0%	29.2kB ± 0%	~	(p=0.291 n=7+7)
ParseFungibleToken/Without_memory_metering-2	29.2kB ± 0%	29.2kB ± 0%	~	(p=0.780 n=7+7)
ParseInfix-2	1.91kB ± 0%	1.91kB ± 0%	+0.06%	(p=0.008 n=7+6)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/One_level-2	0.00B	0.00B	~	(all equal)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/Three_levels-2	64.0B ± 0%	64.0B ± 0%	~	(all equal)
RuntimeFungibleTokenTransfer-2	103kB ± 1%	103kB ± 1%	~	(p=0.383 n=7+7)
RuntimeResourceDictionaryValues-2	2.29MB ± 0%	2.29MB ± 0%	~	(p=0.530 n=5+7)
RuntimeScriptNoop-2	8.46kB ± 1%	8.45kB ± 1%	~	(p=0.684 n=7+7)
SuperTypeInference/arrays-2	96.0B ± 0%	96.0B ± 0%	~	(all equal)
SuperTypeInference/composites-2	0.00B	0.00B	~	(all equal)
SuperTypeInference/integers-2	0.00B	0.00B	~	(all equal)
ValueIsSubtypeOfSemaType-2	48.0B ± 0%	48.0B ± 0%	~	(all equal)
	allocs/op		delta
CheckContractInterfaceFungibleTokenConformance-2	815 ± 0%	815 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ContractInterfaceFungibleToken-2	388 ± 0%	388 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
InterpretRecursionFib-2	18.9k ± 0%	18.9k ± 0%	~	(all equal)
NewInterpreter/new_interpreter-2	13.0 ± 0%	13.0 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
NewInterpreter/new_sub-interpreter-2	4.00 ± 0%	4.00 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ParseArray-2	59.6k ± 0%	59.6k ± 0%	~	(p=1.000 n=7+7)
ParseDeploy/byte_array-2	89.4k ± 0%	89.4k ± 0%	~	(p=1.000 n=7+7)
ParseDeploy/decode_hex-2	64.0 ± 0%	64.0 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ParseFungibleToken/With_memory_metering-2	779 ± 0%	779 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ParseFungibleToken/Without_memory_metering-2	779 ± 0%	779 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
ParseInfix-2	48.0 ± 0%	48.0 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/One_level-2	0.00	0.00	~	(all equal)
QualifiedIdentifierCreation/Three_levels-2	2.00 ± 0%	2.00 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
RuntimeFungibleTokenTransfer-2	1.99k ± 0%	1.99k ± 0%	+0.10%	(p=0.001 n=7+7)
RuntimeResourceDictionaryValues-2	37.0k ± 0%	37.0k ± 0%	~	(p=0.068 n=6+7)
RuntimeScriptNoop-2	132 ± 0%	132 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
SuperTypeInference/arrays-2	3.00 ± 0%	3.00 ± 0%	~	(all equal)
SuperTypeInference/composites-2	0.00	0.00	~	(all equal)
SuperTypeInference/integers-2	0.00	0.00	~	(all equal)
ValueIsSubtypeOfSemaType-2	1.00 ± 0%	1.00 ± 0%	~	(all equal)

[SupunS]

Can you maybe add a brief description about this new feature to the PR description?
e.g: How to use the new linking API, What can be done with the returned account reference, etc.

[turbolent]

@SupunS Added more details about the feature to the issue #2151. See the linked Notion page for further details about use-cases and alternative solutions.